Cervical Cancer
Understanding Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Early detection and preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
In its early stages, cervical cancer may not present noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, some warning signs may include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause
- Pelvic pain or discomfort
- Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor
- Pain during intercourse
Prevention and Risk Reduction
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer. Steps you can take to lower your risk include:
- HPV Vaccination: The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infections from high-risk HPV strains linked to cervical cancer.
- Regular Pap Smears and HPV Testing: Routine screenings can detect abnormal cervical cells early, allowing for timely intervention.
- Safe Sexual Practices: Using protection and limiting the number of sexual partners can reduce the risk of HPV infection.
- Healthy Lifestyle Choices: A strong immune system plays a vital role in combating infections, so maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, and staying physically active are essential.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
If detected early, cervical cancer is highly treatable. Diagnosis typically involves a Pap smear, HPV testing, colposcopy, or biopsy. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may include:
- Surgery: Procedures such as a hysterectomy or cone biopsy may be recommended to remove cancerous cells.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy radiation is used to target and destroy cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Medications are used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
- Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy: Advanced treatments that help the body fight cancer more effectively.
