Aortic Regurgitation
What is Aortic Regurgitation?
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is a heart condition where the aortic valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the heart instead of moving efficiently through the body. This can lead to increased strain on the heart and, over time, may result in heart failure if left untreated.
Causes of Aortic Regurgitation
Aortic regurgitation can develop due to various factors, including:
- Congenital heart defects – Some people are born with an abnormal aortic valve, such as a bicuspid valve instead of the normal tricuspid valve.
- Aging – The natural wear and tear of the valve over time can lead to its dysfunction.
- Rheumatic fever – A past streptococcal infection can cause damage to the valve.
- Endocarditis – An infection of the heart’s lining can weaken the valve.
- High blood pressure – Increased pressure can affect the integrity of the valve over time.
- Aortic aneurysm – An enlarged aorta can lead to improper valve function.
Symptoms of Aortic Regurgitation
In mild cases, aortic regurgitation may not cause noticeable symptoms. However, as the condition progresses, individuals may experience:
- Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down
- Fatigue and weakness
- Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
- Swelling in the legs and feet
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Lightheadedness or fainting
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Aortic regurgitation is typically diagnosed using imaging techniques such as an echocardiogram, MRI, or CT scan. Regular monitoring is crucial to assess the severity of the condition.
Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition:
- Medications – While they cannot fix the valve, medications such as diuretics, blood pressure drugs, and beta-blockers can help manage symptoms.
- Lifestyle changes – A heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking can help reduce strain on the heart.
- Surgical intervention – In moderate to severe cases, valve repair or replacement may be necessary to restore proper blood flow and prevent complications.
