Infective Endocarditis
Infective Endocarditis is when the surface of the heart becomes infected by bacteria. Infective endocarditis can cause the tissue within the valve to deteriorate and leak.
Causes and risk factors
IE occurs when germs enter the bloodstream through procedures, surgeries, intravenous drug use, or infections elsewhere in the body. Those at higher risk include individuals with:
- Artificial or damaged heart valves
- Congenital heart defects
- Previous endocarditis
- Heart valve disease
- IV drug use or long-term catheter use
Symptoms
Symptoms can develop gradually or suddenly, depending on the infection’s severity. Common signs include:
- Fever and chills
- Fatigue and weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Unexplained weight loss
- Joint and muscle pain
- Persistent cough
- Skin changes, such as red or purple spots on the skin, under fingernails, or in the eyes
Severe cases may lead to stroke, organ damage, or heart failure.
Treatment for infective endocarditis
Treatment focuses on eliminating the infection and preventing complications. Most cases require hospitalization for IV antibiotics, while severe cases may need surgical intervention.
- Antibiotics or Antifungal Medications: High-dose IV antibiotics or antifungal drugs are given for several weeks to clear the infection.
- Surgery: If the infection severely damages heart valves, valve repair or replacement may be necessary.
