Aortic Stenosis
What is Aortic Stenosis?
Aortic stenosis is a serious heart condition that occurs when the aortic valve narrows, restricting blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. This narrowing forces the heart to work harder, which can eventually weaken the heart muscle and lead to serious complications.
Causes of Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis is most commonly caused by:
- Aging and Calcification: Over time, calcium deposits can build up on the valve, causing it to stiffen.
- Congenital Heart Defects: Some individuals are born with an abnormal aortic valve, such as a bicuspid valve instead of a normal tricuspid valve.
- Rheumatic Fever: A past infection can lead to scarring of the valve, increasing the risk of stenosis.
Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis
Symptoms may develop gradually but can become severe over time. Common signs include:
- Chest pain or tightness (angina)
- Shortness of breath, especially during activity
- Dizziness or fainting spells
- Heart palpitations or an irregular heartbeat
- Fatigue and reduced ability to exercise
Diagnosing Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis is typically diagnosed through:
- Physical Examination: A doctor may detect a heart murmur.
- Echocardiogram: This imaging test evaluates the structure and function of the heart and valves.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Measures the heart's electrical activity.
- Cardiac Catheterization: Provides detailed imaging to assess the severity of stenosis.
Treatment Options for Aortic Stenosis
Treatment depends on the severity of the condition:
- Medications: While they do not cure the disease, medications may help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
- Balloon Valvuloplasty: A minimally invasive procedure that temporarily widens the valve opening.
- Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR): Open-heart surgery to replace the diseased valve.
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): A less invasive procedure that places a new valve within the diseased one.
Living with Aortic Stenosis
If you have been diagnosed with aortic stenosis, regular check-ups, a heart-healthy diet, and lifestyle modifications such as managing blood pressure and avoiding smoking can help you maintain heart health. Early detection and treatment are essential in preventing serious complications.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience any symptoms of aortic stenosis, consult with your provider promptly - early diagnosis and treatment can improve your quality of life and long-term outlook.
